Capitula
Book IV: On the Sacraments · Proemium
# INCIPIUNT CAPITULA QUARTI LIBRI.
Distinctio I.
Cap. I. De Sacramentis.
II. Quid sit Sacramentum.
III. Quid sit signum.
IV. Quo1 differant signum et Sacramentum.
V. Quare instituta sint2 Sacramenta.
VI. De differentia Sacramentorum veterum et novorum.
VII. De circumcisione.
VIII. Quod remedium illi habuerunt, qui fuerunt ante circumcisionem.
IX. De institutione circumcisionis et causa.
X. De parvulis defunctis ante diem octavum, quo fiebat circumcisio.
Distinctio II.
Cap. I. De Sacramentis novae legis3. De baptismo.
II. De differentia baptismi Ioannis et Christi.
III. Quid utilitatis habuit baptismus Ioannis.
IV. Si fuit Sacramentum baptismus ille.
V. De forma baptismi Ioannis.
Distinctio III.
Cap. I. Quid sit baptismus.
II. De forma baptismi.
III. Quod Apostoli in Christi nomine baptizaverunt.
IV. Si in nomine Patris possit tradi baptismus4.
V. De institutione baptismi.
VI. Quare in aqua tantum fiat.
VII. De immersione, quoties fieri debeat.
VIII. Quando circumcisio amisit vim suam.
IX. De causa institutionis baptismi.
Distinctio IV.
Cap. I. De illis qui suscipiunt Sacramentum et rem, et rem et non Sacramentum, et Sacramentum et non rem.
II. De ficte accedentibus.
III. Quomodo intelligatur illud: Quotquot in Christo baptizati estis, Christum induistis.
IV. Quod passio supplet vicem baptismi et fides et contritio.
V. Quid prosit baptismus cum fide accedentibus.
VI. Quid dimittitur5 in baptismo iustis.
VII. Cuius rei sit Sacramentum baptismus, quem recipit iustus6.
Distinctio V.
Cap. I. Quod baptismus aeque bonus est a bono vel a malo datus.
II. De potestate baptismi et ministerio.
III. Quae fuit potestas baptismi, quam Christus potuit dare servis et non dedit.
Distinctio VI.
Cap. I. Quibus liceat baptizare.
II. Si rebaptizandi sunt ab haereticis baptizati.
III. Quod nullus in materno utero baptizatur.
IV. Utrum baptismus sit, cum verba corrupte proferuntur.
V. De illo qui pro ludo immergitur.
VI. De responsione patrinorum.
VII. De catechismo et exorcismo.
Distinctio VII.
Cap. I. De Sacramento confirmationis.
II. Quod non nisi a summis sacerdotibus tradi potest.
III. Quae7 sit virtus huius Sacramenti.
IV. Utrum hoc Sacramentum sit dignius baptismo.
V. Utrum possit iterari.
Distinctio VIII.
Cap. I. De Sacramento altaris.
II. Quod huius Sacramenti in veteri Testamento figura praecessit, sicut et baptismi.
III. De institutione huius Sacramenti.
IV. De forma.
V. Quare Christus post alium cibum dedit hoc Sacramentum discipulis.
VI. De Sacramento et re.
VII. Quod res Sacramenti duplex est.
Distinctio IX.
Cap. I. De duobus manducandi modis.
II. De errore illorum qui dicunt, tantum corpus Christi a bonis sumi.
III. De intelligentia quorundam verborum ambiguorum.
Distinctio X.
Cap. I. De haeresi illorum qui dicunt, corpus Christi non esse in altari nisi in signo.
II. De Sanctorum testimoniis, quibus probatur, verum corpus Christi esse in altari.
Distinctio XI.
Cap. I. De modo conversionis.
II. Quomodo dicitur corpus Christi confici de substantia panis.
III. Quare sub alia specie sumatur.
IV. Quare sub duplici specie.
V. Quare aqua misceatur.
VI. Quale corpus dedit Christus discipulis in coena.
Distinctio XII.
Cap. I. Ubi illa accidentia fundentur.
II. De fractione et partibus.
III. De confessione Berengarii.
IV. Quid illae partes significent.
V. Si Christus immoletur1 in altari quotidie, et an sit sacrificium, quod a sacerdote geritur.
VI. De causa institutionis.
Distinctio XIII.
Cap. I. Si hoc Sacramentum conficiatur ab haereticis vel excommunicatis.
II. Quid faciat haereticum, et quid sit haereticus.
Distinctio XIV.
Cap. I. De poenitentia, et unde dicitur poenitentia.
II. Quid sit poenitentia2.
III. Quid sit poenitere.
IV. De solemni et unica poenitentia.
V. Quod peccata saepe dimittuntur per poenitentiam.
Distinctio XV.
Cap. I. Quod pluribus irretitus peccatis non potest vere de uno poenitere, nisi de omnibus poeniteat.
II. Quibus de causis contingunt flagella.
III. De Aegyptiis et Sodomitis, qui temporaliter dicuntur puniri, ne in aeternum perirent.
IV. De generibus eleemosynae.
V. Quid sit eleemosyna.
VI. Utrum in mortali peccato permanentes et largas eleemosynas facientes debeant dici satisfacere.
VII. Utrum bona, quae fiunt ab aliquibus malis, valeant ad meritum vitae, cum fuerint ad bonum conversi.
Distinctio XVI.
Cap. I. De tribus in poenitentia considerandis, scilicet compunctione, confessione, satisfactione.
II. Quae sit vera satisfactio.
III. Quae sit satisfactio falsa.
IV. De tribus actionibus poenitentiae.
V. De multitudine venialium, quae gravat3 ut unum grande peccatum.
VI. De satisfactione venialium.
Distinctio XVII.
Cap. I. Utrum sine confessione dimittantur peccata.
II. Si sufficit soli Deo confiteri.
III. Quod non sufficit soli Deo confiteri, si possit confiteri sacerdoti.
IV. An sufficiat confiteri laico.
V. Ad quid valeat confessio.
Distinctio XVIII.
Cap. I. De remissione, quam praestat sacerdos.
II. De clavibus.
III. De usu clavium.
IV. Si sacerdos potest dimittere, vel retinere peccatum.
V. Quomodo sacerdotes dimittunt peccatum, vel retinent.
VI. Quomodo sacerdotes ligant, vel solvunt a peccatis.
VII. Quomodo intelligendum sit illud: Quodcumque solveritis etc.
VIII. Quae sint interiores tenebrae et interior macula.
Distinctio XIX.
Cap. I. Quando hae claves dantur et quibus.
II. Utrum per indignos transfundatur gratia dignis.
III. Quomodo intelligendum sit: Maledicam benedictionibus vestris.
IV. Qualis esse debeat iudex ecclesiasticus.
Distinctio XX.
Cap. I. De his qui in fine poenitent.
II. De his qui poenitentiam non complent.
III. De illo cui sacerdos indiscretus iniungit poenitentiam.
IV. Quod morientibus non est imponenda satisfactio, sed innotescenda.
V. Quod non est poenitentia neganda vel reconciliatio in necessitate.
VI. Quod presbyter non reconciliet aliquem, inconsulto episcopo, nisi in necessitate.
VII. An oblatio eius sit recipienda, qui currens ad poenitentiam praevenitur morte.
Distinctio XXI.
Cap. I. De peccatis, quae post hanc vitam dimittuntur.
II. De his qui aedificant aurum, argentum, lapides pretiosos, lignum, foenum, stipulam.
III. De igne purgatorio, quo alii citius, alii tardius purgantur.
IV. Quid sit aedificare lignum, foenum, stipulam.
V. Quid sit aedificare aurum, argentum, lapides pretiosos.
VI. Quod aliquem vere poenitet, etsi non de omni veniali.
VII. Quid sit generalis confessio.
VIII. Quod nemo debet confiteri peccata, quae non fecit.
IX. De poena sacerdotis, qui peccata confitentis1 publicat.
Distinctio XXII.
Cap. I. Si peccata dimissa redeant.
II. Quid sit Sacramentum et res.
Distinctio XXIII.
Cap. I. De Sacramento unctionis extremae.
II. De tribus generibus unctionis.
III. A2 quibus fuerit hoc Sacramentum institutum.
IV. De iteratione huius Sacramenti.
Distinctio XXIV.
Cap. I. De ordinibus ecclesiasticis, quot sint.
II. Quare septem sint.
III. Quales assumendi sunt ad clerum.
IV. De corona et tonsura.
V. De lectoribus.
VI. De ostiariis.
VII. De exorcistis.
VIII. De acolytis.
IX. De subdiaconis.
X. De diaconis.
XI. De presbyteris.
XII. Qui dicuntur ordines sacri.
XIII. Quid appelletur ordo.
XIV. De nominibus dignitatis et officii.
XV. De episcopo.
XVI. De pontifice.
XVII. De ordine episcoporum.
XVIII. De vate.
XIX. De cantore.
Distinctio XXV.
Cap. I. De ordinatis ab haereticis.
II. De simonia, ut dicitur, et quid sit.
III. De his qui a simoniacis ordinantur scienter, vel non.
IV. De his qui dicunt, se emere corporalia et non spiritualia.
V. De distinctione simoniacorum.
VI. De his qui violenter ab haereticis vel3 simoniacis ordinantur.
Distinctio XXVI.
Cap. I. De Sacramento coniugii.
II. De institutione eius et causa.
III. Unde4 secundum praeceptum et secundum indulgentiam contractum sit coniugium.
IV. Quibus modis accipitur indulgentia.
V. Quod nuptiae bonae sint.
VI. Cuius rei Sacramentum sit coniugium.
Distinctio XXVII.
Cap. I. Quae sint consideranda in coniugio.
II. Quid sit coniugium.
III. De consensu, qui efficit coniugium.
IV. Quando5 incipit esse coniugium.
V. De opinione quorundam, qui dicunt, coniugium non esse ante carnalem copulam.
VI. Quod sponsa potest eligere monasterium sine sponsi consensu.
VII. Quod coniugatus sine coniugis consensu nequit profiteri continentiam.
VIII. De adulterinis coniugiis.
IX. Quod multipliciter sponsus et sponsa accipitur.
X. Quae sponsa sit vidua, mortuo sponso, et quae non.
Distinctio XXVIII.
Cap. I. Si consensus de futuro etiam iuramento firmatus6 faciat coniugium.
II. De his quae pertinent ad substantiam et decorem Sacramenti.
III. Utrum consensus ille, qui facit matrimonium, sit de carnali copula, an de cohabitatione, an de alio.
IV. Quare de latere viri formata est mulier.
Distinctio XXIX.
Cap. I. Quod7 non est consensus legitimus, ubi est coactio.
Distinctio XXX.
Cap. I. De errore, qui evacuat consensum.
II. De coniugio Mariae et Ioseph.
III. De finali causa coniugii.
IV. Quod malus finis non contaminat Sacramentum.
Distinctio XXXI.
Cap. I. De tribus bonis coniugii.
II. De duplici separatione.
III. De his qui procurant venena sterilitatis.
IV. Quando sint homicidae, qui procurant abortum.
V. De excusatione coitus, quae fit per bona coniugii.
VI. De indulgentia, quam facit Apostolus.
VII. De malo incontinentiae.
VIII. De carnis delectatione, quae peccatum sit, vel non.
Distinctio XXXII.
Cap. I. De solutione carnalis debiti.
II. De continentia ex communi consensu servanda.
III. Quando cessandum sit a coitu.
IV. Quibus temporibus nuptiae non sint celebrandae.
Distinctio XXXIII.
Cap. I. De diversis legibus coniugii.
II. Utrum Ioannis virginitas sit praeferenda castitati Abrahae.
III. Quae erat consuetudo coniugii sub Lege.
IV. Cui licebat tunc plures uxores8 habere, vel non.
Distinctio XXXIV.
Cap. I. De personis legitimis.
II. De frigidis separandis, vel non.
III. De his qui maleficiis impediti coire nequeunt.
IV. De furiosis.
V. De his qui dormiunt cum duabus sororibus.
VI. Quod non est dimittenda uxor pro aliqua macula corporis.
Distinctio XXXV.
Cap. I. De iure viri et mulieris.
II. Quod fornicariam nequit dimittere vir, nisi ipse expers fuerit fornicationis, et e converso.
III. De reconciliatione eorum qui propter fornicationem separantur.
IV. De illis qui ante coniunctionem se polluerunt per adulterium.
Distinctio XXXVI.
Cap. I. De servis.
II. De copula servi et ancillae diversorum dominorum.
III. De viro, qui se facit servum, ut dividatur1 ab uxore.
IV. De aetate contrahentium.
Distinctio XXXVII.
Cap. I. In quibus ordinibus nequeat contrahi matrimonium.
II. De interfectoribus suorum coniugum.
Distinctio XXXVIII.
Cap. I. De votis.
II. De votorum differentia.
III. De illis qui post longam captivitatem redeunt.
Distinctio XXXIX.
Cap. I. De dispari cultu.
II. De coniugio fidelis et infidelis et duorum infidelium.
III. De fornicatione spirituali, propter quam dimitti coniux potest.
IV. Pro quibus peccatis possit fieri separatio, vel non.
V. An2 liceat fideli aliam ducere, vel non.
VI. Utrum coniugium inter infideles sit.
VII. Quod coniugium sit legitimum.
Distinctio XL.
Cap. I. De cognatione carnali.
II. De computatione graduum consanguinitatis.
III. Quare septem gradus computantur.
IV. De disputatione Gregorii habita ad Anglicos3.
Distinctio XLI.
Cap. I. De affinitatis gradibus.
II. De variis traditionibus affinitatis.
III. Si coniugium sit inter eos qui nota consanguinitate dividuntur.
IV. Quibus personis testificantibus, sint dirimenda coniugia.
V. Quid sit fornicatio.
VI. Quid sit stuprum.
VII. Quid adulterium.
VIII. Quid incestus.
IX. Quid raptus.
Distinctio XLII.
Cap. I. De spirituali cognatione.
II. Qui sint filii spirituales.
III. De copula spiritualium vel adoptivorum et naturalium filiorum.
IV. De copula filiorum, qui ante compaternitatem, vel post nati sunt.
V. Si cui liceat duas commatres ducere, alteram4 post alteram.
VI. Si vir et uxor simul valeant tenere puerum.
VII. De secundis et tertiis et deinceps nuptiis.
Distinctio XLIII.
Cap. I. De resurrectionis et iudicii conditione.
II. De voce tubae.
III. De nocte media.
IV. De libris, qui tunc aperientur.
V. De memoria electorum, si tunc praeterita mala teneat.
VI. De his qui vivi reperiuntur.
VII. Quomodo intelligitur Christus iudex vivorum et mortuorum.
Distinctio XLIV.
Cap. I. De aetate et statura resurgentium.
II. Quod resurget quidquid fuit de substantia et natura corporis, etsi non in eadem parte corporis.
III. Quod5 sine omni deformitate resurgent.
IV. Utrum reproborum corpora cum deformitatibus resurgant, quas hic habuerunt.
V. Quod non consumentur malorum corpora, quae tunc ardebunt.
VI. Si daemones corporali igne cremabuntur6.
VII. Si animae sine corporibus sentiunt ignem materialem.
VIII. De abortivis foetibus et monstris.
Distinctio XLV.
Cap. I. De diversis animarum receptaculis post mortem.
II. De suffragiis defunctorum.
III. De officiis sepulturae.
IV. De duobus aeque bonis, quorum alter post mortem plura habet auxilia.
V. Quibus suffragiis iuvabuntur in fine reperti.
VI. Quomodo Sancti et glorificati vel7 Angeli audiunt preces supplicantium et intercedunt pro eis.
Distinctio XLVI.
Cap. I. Si valde malis praestetur mitigatio poenae.
II. De occulto Dei iudicio.
III. De iustitia et misericordia Dei.
IV. Quare quaedam opera dicuntur iustitiae, quaedam misericordiae vel bonitatis Dei.
V. Quomodo universae viae Domini dicuntur misericordia et veritas.
Distinctio XLVII.
Cap. I. De sententia iudicii.
II. Quod Sancti iudicabunt, et quomodo.
III. De ordinibus eorum qui erunt in iudicio.
IV. De ordine iudicii et ministerio Angelorum.
V. Si post iudicium daemones praeerunt hominibus ad puniendum.
Distinctio XLVIII.
Cap. I. De forma iudicis.
II. Qualis apparebit forma servi.
III. Quare secundum formam servi dicitur Christus suscitaturus corpora.
IV. De loco iudicii.
V. De qualitate luminarium et temporis post iudicium.
Distinctio XLIX.
Cap. I. De differentia mansionum in caelo et in inferno.
II. Si quid ibi cognoscitur ab aliquo, quod non intelligant omnes.
III. De paritate gaudii.
IV. Si maior est beatitudo Sanctorum post iudicium.
Distinctio L.
Cap. I. Si mali in inferno peccabunt.
II. Quare dicuntur tenebrae exteriores.
III. Si damnatorum animae notitiam habent eorum quae hic fiunt.
IV. De Lazaro et divite.
V. Si boni et mali invicem se vident.
VI. De chaos inter bonos et malos.
VII. Utrum visa impiorum poena minuat, vel augeat bonorum gloriam.
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# HERE BEGIN THE CHAPTERS OF THE FOURTH BOOK.
Distinction I.
Chap. I. On the Sacraments.
II. What a Sacrament is.
III. What a sign is.
IV. In what1 a sign and a Sacrament differ.
V. Why the Sacraments were instituted2.
VI. On the difference between the Sacraments of the old law and of the new.
VII. On circumcision.
VIII. What remedy those had who lived before circumcision.
IX. On the institution of circumcision and its cause.
X. On little ones who died before the eighth day, on which circumcision was performed.
Distinction II.
Chap. I. On the Sacraments of the new law3. On baptism.
II. On the difference between the baptism of John and that of Christ.
III. What profit the baptism of John had.
IV. Whether that baptism was a Sacrament.
V. On the form of John's baptism.
Distinction III.
Chap. I. What baptism is.
II. On the form of baptism.
III. That the Apostles baptized in the name of Christ.
IV. Whether baptism can be conferred in the name of the Father4.
V. On the institution of baptism.
VI. Why it is done in water only.
VII. On immersion, how often it ought to be done.
VIII. When circumcision lost its force.
IX. On the cause of the institution of baptism.
Distinction IV.
Chap. I. On those who receive the Sacrament and the reality, and the reality and not the Sacrament, and the Sacrament and not the reality.
II. On those who approach feignedly.
III. How that saying is to be understood: As many of you as have been baptized in Christ have put on Christ.
IV. That the passion supplies the place of baptism, and faith and contrition.
V. What baptism profits those who approach with faith.
VI. What is remitted5 in baptism to the just.
VII. Of what reality baptism is the Sacrament, which the just man receives6.
Distinction V.
Chap. I. That baptism is equally good given by a good man or by an evil one.
II. On the power of baptism and on the ministry.
III. What power of baptism it was that Christ could have given to his servants and did not give.
Distinction VI.
Chap. I. To whom it is permitted to baptize.
II. Whether those baptized by heretics are to be rebaptized.
III. That no one is baptized in his mother's womb.
IV. Whether there is baptism when the words are corruptly pronounced.
V. On him who is immersed in sport.
VI. On the response of the sponsors.
VII. On catechism and exorcism.
Distinction VII.
Chap. I. On the Sacrament of confirmation.
II. That it cannot be conferred except by the highest priests.
III. What7 the virtue of this Sacrament is.
IV. Whether this Sacrament is more worthy than baptism.
V. Whether it can be repeated.
Distinction VIII.
Chap. I. On the Sacrament of the altar.
II. That a figure of this Sacrament went before it in the old Testament, as also of baptism.
III. On the institution of this Sacrament.
IV. On the form.
V. Why Christ gave this Sacrament to the disciples after other food.
VI. On the Sacrament and the reality.
VII. That the reality of the Sacrament is twofold.
Distinction IX.
Chap. I. On the two modes of eating.
II. On the error of those who say that the body of Christ is taken by the good only.
III. On the understanding of certain ambiguous words.
Distinction X.
Chap. I. On the heresy of those who say that the body of Christ is not on the altar save in a sign.
II. On the testimonies of the Saints, by which it is proved that the true body of Christ is on the altar.
Distinction XI.
Chap. I. On the mode of the conversion.
II. How the body of Christ is said to be confected from the substance of bread.
III. Why it is taken under another species.
IV. Why under a twofold species.
V. Why water is mingled.
VI. What kind of body Christ gave to the disciples at the supper.
Distinction XII.
Chap. I. Wherein those accidents are grounded.
II. On the breaking and the parts.
III. On the confession of Berengarius.
IV. What those parts signify.
V. Whether Christ is immolated1 on the altar daily, and whether that is a sacrifice which is performed by the priest.
VI. On the cause of the institution.
Distinction XIII.
Chap. I. Whether this Sacrament is confected by heretics or by the excommunicate.
II. What makes a man a heretic, and what a heretic is.
Distinction XIV.
Chap. I. On penance, and whence penance is so called.
II. What penance is2.
III. What it is to repent.
IV. On solemn and unrepeatable penance.
V. That sins are often remitted through penance.
Distinction XV.
Chap. I. That one entangled in many sins cannot truly repent of one unless he repent of all.
II. For what causes scourges befall.
III. On the Egyptians and the Sodomites, who are said to be punished temporally lest they should perish eternally.
IV. On the kinds of almsgiving.
V. What alms is.
VI. Whether those who remain in mortal sin and give large alms ought to be said to make satisfaction.
VII. Whether the good works which are done by certain evil men avail unto the merit of life, when they have been converted to good.
Distinction XVI.
Chap. I. On the three things to be considered in penance, namely compunction, confession, satisfaction.
II. What true satisfaction is.
III. What false satisfaction is.
IV. On the three actions of penance.
V. On the multitude of venial sins, which weighs3 as one great sin.
VI. On satisfaction for venial sins.
Distinction XVII.
Chap. I. Whether sins are remitted without confession.
II. Whether it suffices to confess to God alone.
III. That it does not suffice to confess to God alone, if one is able to confess to a priest.
IV. Whether it suffices to confess to a layman.
V. For what confession avails.
Distinction XVIII.
Chap. I. On the remission which the priest bestows.
II. On the keys.
III. On the use of the keys.
IV. Whether a priest can remit or retain sin.
V. How priests remit sin, or retain it.
VI. How priests bind, or loose from sins.
VII. How that saying is to be understood: Whatsoever you shall loose, and so on.
VIII. What the interior darkness and the interior stain are.
Distinction XIX.
Chap. I. When these keys are given, and to whom.
II. Whether grace is transfused through the unworthy to the worthy.
III. How this is to be understood: I will curse your blessings.
IV. What manner of man an ecclesiastical judge ought to be.
Distinction XX.
Chap. I. On those who repent at the end.
II. On those who do not complete their penance.
III. On him upon whom an indiscreet priest enjoins penance.
IV. That satisfaction is not to be imposed on the dying, but made known to them.
V. That penance is not to be denied, nor reconciliation, in a case of necessity.
VI. That a presbyter is not to reconcile anyone without consulting the bishop, save in a case of necessity.
VII. Whether the offering of him is to be received who, hastening to penance, is forestalled by death.
Distinction XXI.
Chap. I. On the sins which are remitted after this life.
II. On those who build gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble.
III. On the purgatorial fire, by which some are purged more quickly, others more slowly.
IV. What it is to build wood, hay, stubble.
V. What it is to build gold, silver, precious stones.
VI. That a man truly repents even if not of every venial sin.
VII. What a general confession is.
VIII. That no one ought to confess sins which he has not committed.
IX. On the punishment of a priest who makes public the sins of the one confessing1.
Distinction XXII.
Chap. I. Whether sins once remitted return.
II. What the Sacrament is and what the reality.
Distinction XXIII.
Chap. I. On the Sacrament of extreme unction.
II. On the three kinds of unction.
III. By2 whom this Sacrament was instituted.
IV. On the repetition of this Sacrament.
Distinction XXIV.
Chap. I. On the ecclesiastical orders, how many they are.
II. Why there are seven.
III. What kind of men are to be admitted to the clergy.
IV. On the crown and tonsure.
V. On lectors.
VI. On doorkeepers.
VII. On exorcists.
VIII. On acolytes.
IX. On subdeacons.
X. On deacons.
XI. On presbyters.
XII. Which are called sacred orders.
XIII. What is called an order.
XIV. On the names of dignity and office.
XV. On the bishop.
XVI. On the pontiff.
XVII. On the order of bishops.
XVIII. On the seer (vates).
XIX. On the cantor.
Distinction XXV.
Chap. I. On those ordained by heretics.
II. On simony, as it is called, and what it is.
III. On those who are ordained by simoniacs knowingly, or not.
IV. On those who say that they buy the corporeal things and not the spiritual.
V. On the distinction of simoniacs.
VI. On those who are ordained under compulsion by heretics or3 by simoniacs.
Distinction XXVI.
Chap. I. On the Sacrament of marriage.
II. On its institution and its cause.
III. Whence4 marriage is contracted according to precept and according to indulgence.
IV. In what ways indulgence is understood.
V. That marriage is good.
VI. Of what reality marriage is the Sacrament.
Distinction XXVII.
Chap. I. What things are to be considered in marriage.
II. What marriage is.
III. On the consent which effects marriage.
IV. When5 marriage begins to be.
V. On the opinion of certain men who say that there is no marriage before carnal union.
VI. That a betrothed woman can choose a monastery without her betrothed's consent.
VII. That a married man cannot profess continence without his spouse's consent.
VIII. On adulterous marriages.
IX. That "husband" and "wife" are understood in many ways.
X. Which betrothed woman is a widow when the betrothed man has died, and which is not.
Distinction XXVIII.
Chap. I. Whether consent concerning the future, even confirmed6 by an oath, makes a marriage.
II. On the things which pertain to the substance and to the seemliness of the Sacrament.
III. Whether that consent which makes matrimony is about carnal union, or about cohabitation, or about something else.
IV. Why woman was formed from the side of man.
Distinction XXIX.
Chap. I. That7 there is no lawful consent where there is coercion.
Distinction XXX.
Chap. I. On the error which voids consent.
II. On the marriage of Mary and Joseph.
III. On the final cause of marriage.
IV. That an evil end does not defile the Sacrament.
Distinction XXXI.
Chap. I. On the three goods of marriage.
II. On the twofold separation.
III. On those who procure the poisons of sterility.
IV. When those are homicides who procure abortion.
V. On the excusing of intercourse, which is done through the goods of marriage.
VI. On the indulgence which the Apostle makes.
VII. On the evil of incontinence.
VIII. On the delight of the flesh, whether it is a sin or not.
Distinction XXXII.
Chap. I. On the paying of the carnal debt.
II. On continence to be kept by common consent.
III. When there is to be a ceasing from intercourse.
IV. At what times marriages are not to be celebrated.
Distinction XXXIII.
Chap. I. On the diverse laws of marriage.
II. Whether John's virginity is to be preferred to Abraham's chastity.
III. What the custom of marriage was under the Law.
IV. Who was then permitted to have several wives8, and who not.
Distinction XXXIV.
Chap. I. On lawful persons.
II. On the frigid, whether they are to be separated or not.
III. On those who, hindered by sorceries, are unable to come together.
IV. On the mad.
V. On those who sleep with two sisters.
VI. That a wife is not to be put away for any blemish of body.
Distinction XXXV.
Chap. I. On the right of husband and wife.
II. That a man cannot put away a fornicatress unless he himself be free of fornication, and conversely.
III. On the reconciliation of those who are separated on account of fornication.
IV. On those who before their coming together defiled themselves by adultery.
Distinction XXXVI.
Chap. I. On slaves.
II. On the union of a slave and a handmaid of different masters.
III. On the man who makes himself a slave, that he may be divided1 from his wife.
IV. On the age of those contracting.
Distinction XXXVII.
Chap. I. In which orders matrimony cannot be contracted.
II. On the slayers of their own spouses.
Distinction XXXVIII.
Chap. I. On vows.
II. On the difference of vows.
III. On those who return after a long captivity.
Distinction XXXIX.
Chap. I. On disparity of worship.
II. On the marriage of a believer and an unbeliever, and of two unbelievers.
III. On spiritual fornication, on account of which a spouse can be dismissed.
IV. For what sins separation may be made, or not.
V. Whether2 it is permitted to a believer to marry another, or not.
VI. Whether there is marriage among unbelievers.
VII. That the marriage is lawful.
Distinction XL.
Chap. I. On carnal kinship.
II. On the computation of the degrees of consanguinity.
III. Why seven degrees are computed.
IV. On the disputation of Gregory held with the English3.
Distinction XLI.
Chap. I. On the degrees of affinity.
II. On the various traditions concerning affinity.
III. Whether there is marriage between those who are divided by a known consanguinity.
IV. On whose testimony marriages are to be dissolved.
V. What fornication is.
VI. What defilement (stuprum) is.
VII. What adultery is.
VIII. What incest is.
IX. What rape is.
Distinction XLII.
Chap. I. On spiritual kinship.
II. Who are spiritual sons.
III. On the union of spiritual or adoptive and natural children.
IV. On the union of children who were born before the compaternity, or after.
V. Whether it is permitted to anyone to marry two co-mothers, the one4 after the other.
VI. Whether husband and wife may together hold the child.
VII. On second and third and further marriages.
Distinction XLIII.
Chap. I. On the condition of the resurrection and of the judgment.
II. On the voice of the trumpet.
III. On the middle of the night.
IV. On the books which shall then be opened.
V. On the memory of the elect, whether it shall then retain past evils.
VI. On those who are found alive.
VII. How Christ is understood to be the judge of the living and the dead.
Distinction XLIV.
Chap. I. On the age and stature of those who rise.
II. That whatever was of the substance and nature of the body shall rise, even if not in the same part of the body.
III. That5 they shall rise without any deformity.
IV. Whether the bodies of the reprobate shall rise with the deformities which they had here.
V. That the bodies of the evil shall not be consumed, which shall then burn.
VI. Whether the demons shall be burned6 by a corporeal fire.
VII. Whether souls without bodies feel a material fire.
VIII. On aborted foetuses and monsters.
Distinction XLV.
Chap. I. On the diverse receptacles of souls after death.
II. On the suffrages for the dead.
III. On the offices of burial.
IV. On two equally good men, of whom the one has more helps after death.
V. By what suffrages those found at the end shall be helped.
VI. How the Saints and the glorified, or7 the Angels, hear the prayers of suppliants and intercede for them.
Distinction XLVI.
Chap. I. Whether a mitigation of punishment is granted to the very wicked.
II. On the hidden judgment of God.
III. On the justice and the mercy of God.
IV. Why certain works are said to be of God's justice, certain of his mercy or goodness.
V. How all the ways of the Lord are said to be mercy and truth.
Distinction XLVII.
Chap. I. On the sentence of the judgment.
II. That the Saints shall judge, and how.
III. On the ranks of those who shall be at the judgment.
IV. On the order of the judgment and the ministry of the Angels.
V. Whether after the judgment the demons shall be set over men to punish them.
Distinction XLVIII.
Chap. I. On the form of the judge.
II. What the form of a servant shall appear to be.
III. Why Christ is said to be about to raise up bodies according to the form of a servant.
IV. On the place of the judgment.
V. On the quality of the luminaries and of time after the judgment.
Distinction XLIX.
Chap. I. On the difference of the mansions in heaven and in hell.
II. Whether anything is there known by anyone which not all understand.
III. On the parity of joy.
IV. Whether the beatitude of the Saints is greater after the judgment.
Distinction L.
Chap. I. Whether the evil shall sin in hell.
II. Why they are called the exterior darkness.
III. Whether the souls of the damned have knowledge of the things which are done here.
IV. On Lazarus and the rich man.
V. Whether the good and the evil see one another.
VI. On the chaos between the good and the evil.
VII. Whether the sight of the punishment of the wicked lessens or increases the glory of the good.
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- 1Codd. E H L Quomodo.Codices E H L read Quomodo.
- 2Codd. K L M O P et ed. 1 sunt.Codices K L M O P and edition 1 read sunt.
- 3Plures codd. omittunt hoc capitulum.Very many codices omit this chapter.
- 4Ita codd. E H Q et ed. 1, alii codd. addunt et Filii post Patris.So codices E H Q and edition 1; the other codices add et Filii after Patris.
- 5Codd. A E dimittatur.Codices A and E read dimittatur.
- 6Cod. D addit octavum capitulum: Si parvulis datur in baptismo gratia, qua proficere in maiori aetate possunt.Codex D adds an eighth chapter: Whether there is given to little ones in baptism a grace by which they can make progress at a riper age.
- 7Ita codd. D E H K L et ed. 1, alii codd. Quid.So codices D E H K L and edition 1; the other codices read Quid.
- 1Codd. A D K L N O P immolatur.Codices A D K L N O P read immolatur.
- 2Codd. B C D E K O et ed. 1 hic addunt: Quid sit poenitere, et tamen distinguunt seq. capitulum.Codices B C D E K O and edition 1 here add: Quid sit poenitere — and yet they set off the following chapter as a separate one.
- 3Ita codd. A B C N P et ed. 1, cod. L aggravat, cod. M generat, alii gravant.So codices A B C N P and edition 1; codex L has aggravat, codex M generat, the others gravant.
- 1Codd. B M N poenitentis.Codices B M N read poenitentis.
- 2Ita codd. C E H I K P Q, alii De, ed. 1 simpliciter Quibus.So codices C E H I K P Q; the others read De, edition 1 simply Quibus.
- 3Codd. A E H I O P addunt ab aliis, ed. 1 aliis.Codices A E H I O P add ab aliis, edition 1 aliis.
- 4Codd. C E et ed. 1 Quando, cod. A Quod.Codices C and E and edition 1 read Quando, codex A Quod.
- 5Ita codd. A C E H O P Q et ed. 1, alii codd. Unde.So codices A C E H O P Q and edition 1; the other codices read Unde.
- 6Codd. C E O confirmatus.Codices C E O read confirmatus.
- 7Ita cod. A et ed. 1, alii codd. Qui.So codex A and edition 1; the other codices read Qui.
- 8Codd., exceptis cod. H et ed. 1, omittunt uxores.The codices, codex H and edition 1 excepted, omit uxores.
- 1Cod. H separetur.Codex H reads separetur.
- 2Codd. A E H I K N O et ed. 1 Quando.Codices A E H I K N O and edition 1 read Quando.
- 3Codd. B D H I L Anglos.Codices B D H I L read Anglos.
- 4Codd. A C N O et ed. 1 unam.Codices A C N O and edition 1 read unam.
- 5Cod. E addit Sancti.Codex E adds Sancti.
- 6Codd. A B C E H K (N primitus) O Q et ed. 1 cremantur.Codices A B C E H K (N in its first hand) O Q and edition 1 read cremantur.
- 7Ita codd. A E H L, alii et.So codices A E H L; the others read et. ---