Dist. 17, Part 1, Divisio Textus
Book IV: On the Sacraments · Distinction 17
COMMENTARIUS IN DISTINCTIONEM XVII.
Pars I.
De confessione, quatenus est necessaria ad iustificationem.
Hic oritur quaestio multiplex. Primo enim quaeritur etc.
DIVISIO TEXTUS.
Supra egit Magister de partibus integrantibus poenitentiam quasi sub quodam compendio. Hic, quia poenitentia, ut est Sacramentum Ecclesiae, praecipue attenditur quantum ad confessionem, principaliter determinat de confessione. Et dividitur haec pars in duas. In prima agit de confessione sacramentali, ut habet rationem remedii. In secunda, in quantum habet rationem signi, infra capitulo ultimo huius totalis partis distinctione vigesima secunda: Post praedicta restat investigare, quid in actione poenitentiae etc.
Prima pars habet quatuor partes. In prima agit de confessione quantum ad necessitatem a parte1 confitentis. In secunda quantum ad potestatem absolventis, infra distinctione decima octava: Hic quaeri solet, si peccatum omnino dimissum est a Deo etc. In tertia quantum ad opportunitatem temporis, infra distinctione vigesima: Sciendum est, quod tempus poenitentiae est usque in extremum. In quarta quantum ad utilitatem a parte finis, infra distinctione vigesima prima ultra medium: Post haec considerandum est, utrum prosit confessio etc.
Prima pars spectat ad praesentem distinctionem, quae habet tres partes secundum tres quaestiones, quas determinat Magister circa confessionis necessitatem. Primo enim quaerit, utrum confessio sit peccatori necessaria ad iustificationem. Secundo, dato quod quodam modo sit necessaria, utrum sufficiat confiteri corde, an necesse sit confiteri ore ipsius2 Dei ministro; et hanc prosequitur ibi: Iam secundum quaestionis articulum inspiciamus. Tertio vero determinat, cui homini necesse sit confiteri, utrum sufficiat confiteri laico, an necesse sit confiteri sacerdoti, et hoc ibi: Nunc priusquam praemissis auctoritatibus etc.
Prima pars habet tres partes. In prima proponit quaestiones. In secunda ad utramque partem primae quaestionis opponit, utrum scilicet confessio sit necessaria ad iustificationem, ibi: Dicunt quidam, sine confessione oris. In tertia determinat, ibi: Quid igitur super his sentiendum? quid tenendum etc.
TRACTATIO QUAESTIONUM.
Ad intelligentiam primae quaestionis, quam ponit hic3 Magister, quaeritur in parte ista de iustificatione impii. Et circa hoc duo principaliter quaeruntur.
Primo quaeritur de his quae sunt necessaria ad iustificationem impii absolute.
Secundo quaeritur de ipsis in comparatione ad invicem.
Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor.
Primo quaeritur, utrum ad iustificationem impii sit necessaria gratiae infusio.
Secundo, utrum necessarius sit motus liberi arbitrii.
Tertio, utrum necessaria sit contritio.
Quarto, utrum necessaria sit confessio.
ARTICULUS I.
De his quae necessaria sunt ad iustificationem impii absolute.
QUAESTIO I.
Utrum ad iustificationem impii necessaria sit gratiae infusio.
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COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XVII.
Part I.
On confession, insofar as it is necessary for justification.
Here a manifold question arises. For first it is asked, etc.
DIVISION OF THE TEXT.
Above the Master treated of the parts integrating penance as if under a certain summary. Here, because penance, as it is a Sacrament of the Church, is chiefly considered with respect to confession, he principally determines concerning confession. And this part is divided into two. In the first he treats of sacramental confession, as it has the character of a remedy. In the second, insofar as it has the character of a sign, below in the last chapter of this whole part, in the twenty-second distinction: After the foregoing it remains to investigate, what in the action of penance, etc.
The first part has four parts. In the first he treats of confession with respect to its necessity on the part1 of the one confessing. In the second with respect to the power of the one absolving, below in the eighteenth distinction: Here it is wont to be asked, whether sin is altogether remitted by God, etc. In the third with respect to the opportuneness of time, below in the twentieth distinction: It must be known, that the time of penance is even unto the end. In the fourth with respect to its usefulness on the part of the end, below in the twenty-first distinction beyond the middle: After these things it must be considered, whether confession profits, etc.
The first part pertains to the present distinction, which has three parts according to three questions, which the Master determines concerning the necessity of confession. For first he asks, whether confession is necessary for the sinner unto justification. Second, granted that it is in some manner necessary, whether it suffices to confess in the heart, or whether it is necessary to confess by mouth to the very2 minister of God; and this he pursues there: Now let us consider the second article of the question. Third he determines, to which man it is necessary to confess, whether it suffices to confess to a layman, or whether it is necessary to confess to a priest, and this there: Now before [setting forth] the aforesaid authorities, etc.
The first part has three parts. In the first he proposes the questions. In the second he argues against both sides of the first question, namely whether confession is necessary unto justification, there: Certain ones say, without confession of the mouth. In the third he determines, there: What therefore is to be thought concerning these things? what is to be held, etc.
TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.
For the understanding of the first question, which the Master here3 poses, inquiry is made in this part concerning the justification of the impious. And concerning this two things are principally asked.
First it is asked concerning the things which are necessary for the justification of the impious absolutely.
Second it is asked concerning these same things in comparison with one another.
Concerning the first, four things are asked.
First it is asked, whether for the justification of the impious the infusion of grace is necessary.
Second, whether a movement of free will is necessary.
Third, whether contrition is necessary.
Fourth, whether confession is necessary.
ARTICLE I.
On the things which are necessary for the justification of the impious absolutely.
QUESTION I.
Whether for the justification of the impious the infusion of grace is necessary.
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- 1Plurimi codd. omittunt a parte.Very many codices omit a parte.
- 2Codd. FG ipsi.Codices FG [read] ipsi.
- 3Cap. I.Chap. I.