Bonaventure

## COMMENTARIUS IN DISTINCTIONEM XVIII.

Pars II.

De clavibus et eorum usu in foro iudiciali.

Est et alius modus ligandi et solvendi, qui per excommunicationem exhibetur etc.

VIDE TEXTUM MAGISTRI PAG. 467.

DIVISIO TEXTUS.

Supra egit Magister de usu et potestate clavium in foro poenitentiali, quod⁶ quidem est per absolutionem et ligationem in foro illo. Hic secundo agit de absolutione et ligatione in foro iudiciali, quae quidem est per excommunicationem; et habet haec pars tres partes. In prima assignat hunc modum ligandi, quare et qualiter fiat. In secunda vero auctoritate sacrae Scripturae confirmat, ibi: Secundum hos ligandi et solvendi modos. In tertia ad intelligentiam illarum auctoritatum quandam quaestionem quaerit et determinat, scilicet quae sit animae macula vel tenebra, a qua Deus mundat, ibi: Hic quaeritur, quae sit illa macula.

TRACTATIO QUAESTIONUM.

Ad intelligentiam huius partis sex quaeruntur.

Primo quaeritur, utrum aliquis possit vel debeat excommunicari.

Secundo, dato quod sic, quaeritur, pro quo quis sit excommunicandus.

Tertio quaeritur, a quo.

Quarto, utrum excommunicatio possit iterari.

Quinto, de communicatione cum excommunicatis.

Sexto, de absolutione.

## COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XVIII.

Part II.

On the keys and their use in the judicial forum.

There is also another mode of binding and loosing, which is exercised through excommunication, etc.

SEE THE TEXT OF THE MASTER, PAGE 467.

DIVISION OF THE TEXT.

Above, the Master treated of the use and power of the keys in the penitential forum, which indeed is exercised through absolution and binding in that forum.⁶ Here, secondly, he treats of absolution and binding in the judicial forum, which indeed is exercised through excommunication; and this part has three parts. In the first he assigns this mode of binding, why and how it comes about. In the second he confirms it by the authority of sacred Scripture, there: According to these modes of binding and loosing. In the third, for the understanding of those authorities, he raises and determines a certain question, namely what is the stain or darkness of the soul from which God cleanses, there: Here it is asked what that stain is.

TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.

For the understanding of this part, six things are asked.

First it is asked whether anyone can or ought to be excommunicated.

Second, granted that he can, it is asked for what someone is to be excommunicated.

Third it is asked, by whom.

Fourth, whether excommunication can be repeated.

Fifth, concerning communication with the excommunicated.

Sixth, concerning absolution.

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