Dist. 50, Part 2, Dubia
Book IV: On the Sacraments · Distinction 50
Dubium circa litteram Magistri.
In parte ista circa litteram quaeritur9, qualiter intelligitur illud verbum ultimum de pedibus sedentis: quis sit sedens, et quid solium, et quae via.
Respondeo: Dicendum, quod sedens iste Deus est sive Christus, qui requiescit in summa pace, quae exsuperat omnem sensum10. — Solium autem dici potest sancta Scriptura propter sui eminentiam; vel etiam anima sancta, quae dicitur sedes sapientiae11; aut certe Virgo Maria, in quam descendit ad habitandum Dominus; vel etiam natura assumta, in qua posuit tabernaculum suum1.
— Facies autem huius est maiestas Divinitatis, quam videbimus, cum erimus gloriosi. — Pedes vero sive via sunt opera finalia, quae sunt velata, sicut illa quae pertinent ad finem mundi. — Media vero inter Dei magnitudinem aeternam et nostram magnificationem2 futuram sunt opus creationis et redemptionis.
Incipit igitur Magister a facie Maiestatis in primo, et decurrit per media in secundo et tertio, et terminavit in pedibus sive in imis in quarto3.
Isti autem pedes nunc sunt velati, sed tunc discooperientur, quando facies manifestabitur. Hoc autem erit, quando «Deus ita erit conspicuus, ut videatur a singulis nobis in singulis nobis, videatur ab altero in altero, videatur in semetipso, videatur in creaturis omnibus, videatur etiam per corpora in omni corpore, quocumque fuerint spiritualis corporis oculi, acie perveniente, directi4». «Tunc videbimus, amabimus, laudabimus»; tunc apparebit Christus, vita nostra, et nos apparebimus cum ipso in gloria5; ad quam nos perducat Pontifex et praecursor noster Iesus Christus, Filius Dei et beatae Mariae, dominae et adiutricis nostrae, sua pia misericordia; cui est benedictio et claritas et sapientia et gratiarum actio, honor et virtus et fortitudo per infinita saecula saeculorum. Amen6.
EXPLICIT LIBER QUARTUS ET ULTIMUS FRATRIS BONAVENTURAE SUPER SENTENTIAS.
Nota de apparatu. Quaracchi restarts its footnote numbering on every printed page. The numbered notes below are therefore labelled by page: notes 9–11 of page 1053 and notes 1–6 of page 1054. Notes 1–8 of page 1053 anchor in the preceding chunk (p2-a2-q3). Note 9 of page 1053 is printed in two physical halves — it begins at the foot of the left column and its unnumbered continuation opens the right-hand footer register; both halves are given here as one entry. Note 4 of page 1054 behaves the same way, its unnumbered continuation opening the right-hand register of that page. Page 1054 is the last body page of the volume; its register ends the apparatus of Book IV.
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A doubt concerning the text of the Master.
In this part, concerning the text, it is asked9 how that last word is to be understood, concerning the feet of the one seated: who the one seated is, and what the throne is, and what the way is.
I respond: It must be said that this one seated is God, or Christ, who rests in the highest peace, which surpasses all understanding10. — The throne, moreover, can be said to be holy Scripture on account of its eminence; or also the holy soul, which is called the seat of wisdom11; or indeed the Virgin Mary, into whom the Lord descended to dwell; or also the assumed nature, in which he placed his tabernacle1.
— The face of this, moreover, is the majesty of the Godhead, which we shall see when we are glorified. — The feet, however, or the way, are the final works, which are veiled, such as those which pertain to the end of the world. — The middle things, however, between God's eternal greatness and our future magnification2 are the work of creation and of redemption.
The Master therefore begins from the face of the Majesty in the first [book], and runs through the middle things in the second and the third, and has ended in the feet, or in the lowest things, in the fourth3.
These feet, however, are now veiled, but then they will be uncovered, when the face shall be manifested. And this will be when "God will be so conspicuous that he may be seen by each of us in each of us, may be seen by one in another, may be seen in himself, may be seen in all creatures, may be seen also through bodies in every body, wherever the eyes of the spiritual body shall have been directed, with their gaze reaching there4." "Then we shall see, we shall love, we shall praise"; then Christ, our life, will appear, and we shall appear with him in glory5; to which may he lead us, our Pontiff and forerunner Jesus Christ, the Son of God and of blessed Mary, our Lady and helper, by his loving mercy; to whom is blessing and brightness and wisdom and thanksgiving, honour and power and might through infinite ages of ages. Amen6.
HERE ENDS THE FOURTH AND LAST BOOK OF BROTHER BONAVENTURE ON THE SENTENCES.
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- 9In cod. B additur: De hoc quod dicitur in primo capitulo, quod qui in hac vita non fecerit, habebit poenitentiam in futuro saeculo de malis suis, sed indulgentiam non inveniet. Contra: Matth. 18, 21: Domine, quoties peccabit in me frater meus, et dimittam ei? etc.; ergo cum ipse sit misericordior et praeceperit remissionem ad infinitas culpas, multo fortius ipse remittet, si ab eo petatur venia. — Item, Bernardus, in libro de Gradibus humilitatis, loquens de damnatione diaboli [c. 10. n. 33.]: Sic Deus temparavit sententiam in vindicta, ut si vellet resipiscere, Deus veniam non neget. — Dicendum, quod agere poenitentiam sive dolere de culpa commisa est dupliciter: aut propter laesionem naturae et odium poenae, aut propter offensam Maiestatis divinae et ipsius iustitiae. Primam poenitentiam habere potest aliquis ex solis naturalibus sine gratia; sicut enim homo naturaliter se diligit, ita etiam odit omne illud, propter quod incurrit malum. Et haec poenitentia est in malis, et per istam nunquam aliquis meretur veniam; sed secunda non est in eis, nec Deus eam dat alicui finaliter, nisi ei, cum quo disposuit misericordiam se facturum. Et de ista procedit ratio et loquitur Bernardus, et nullus est, qui istam habeat, qui non consequatur a Domino veniam [cfr. supra p. I. a. I. q. 1. ad 4.]. — Secundo quaeritur. Idem cod. in fine addit plura nullius momenti.In codex B there is added: Concerning that which is said in the first chapter, that whoever shall not have done [it] in this life will have repentance in the age to come for his evils, but will not find pardon. On the contrary: Matthew 18, 21: Lord, how often shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? etc.; therefore, since he himself is more merciful and has commanded remission for infinite faults, much more strongly will he himself remit, if pardon be sought from him. — Likewise, Bernard, in the book On the Degrees of Humility, speaking of the damnation of the devil [c. 10, n. 33]: Thus God tempered the sentence in his vengeance, so that if he were willing to repent, God would not deny pardon. — It must be said that to do penance, or to grieve over a fault committed, is twofold: either on account of the injury to nature and hatred of the punishment, or on account of the offence against the divine Majesty and its justice. The first repentance someone can have from his natural powers alone, without grace; for just as a man naturally loves himself, so also he hates everything on account of which he incurs evil. And this repentance is in the wicked, and through it no one ever merits pardon; but the second is not in them, nor does God give it to anyone finally, except to him with whom he has determined to show mercy. And it is of this that the argument proceeds and of which Bernard speaks; and there is no one who has this repentance who does not obtain pardon from the Lord [cf. above, p. I, a. I, q. 1, ad 4]. — Secondly it is asked. The same codex adds at the end several things of no importance.
- 10Phil. 4, 7. — Superius pro sedens iste cod. O sedens ipse, edd. sedes ipsa.Philippians 4, 7. — Above, for sedens iste ("this one seated") codex O reads sedens ipse ("the one seated himself"), the editions sedes ipsa ("the seat itself").
- 11Gregor., II. Homil. in Evang. homil. 38. n. 2: Anima autem iusti sedes sapientiae.Gregory, Homilies on the Gospels, Book II, homily 38, n. 2: "But the soul of the just man is the seat of wisdom."
- 1Psalm. 18, 6.Psalm 18, 6.
- 2Codd. A H V manifestationem.Codices A H V read manifestationem ("manifestation").
- 3Cfr. Prooemium S. Bonav. in I. Sent. — Pro imis codd. I K O U viis.Cf. the Prologue of St. Bonaventure to Book I of the Sentences. — For imis ("the lowest things") codices I K O U read viis ("the ways").
- 4August., XXII. de Civ. Dei, c. 29. n. 6. Pro videatur in creaturis omnibus textus originalis videatur in caelo novo et in terra nova atque in omni quae tunc fuerit creatura. — Seq. locus est ibid. c. 30. n. 5. Cfr. supra pag. 1009, nota 1.Augustine, On the City of God, Book XXII, c. 29, n. 6. For videatur in creaturis omnibus ("may be seen in all creatures") the original text has videatur in caelo novo et in terra nova atque in omni quae tunc fuerit creatura ("may be seen in the new heaven and in the new earth and in every creature that shall then exist"). — The following passage is in the same work, c. 30, n. 5. Cf. above, page 1009, note 1.
- 5Respicitur Col. 3, 4: Cum Christus apparuerit, vita vestra, tunc et vos apparebitis cum ipso in gloria.Reference is made to Colossians 3, 4: "When Christ shall appear, your life, then you also shall appear with him in glory."
- 6Apoc. 7, 12.Apocalypse 7, 12. ---