Dist. 41, Divisio Textus
Book II: On the Creation of Things · Distinction 41
## COMMENTARIUS IN DISTINCTIONEM XLI.
Qualiter actus ex defectu intentionis et voluntatis depraventur.
Cumque intentio, ut supra dictum est etc.
DIVISIO TEXTUS.
Supra ostendit Magister, qualiter actus habeant rectificari ex rectitudine intentionis et voluntatis. In hac parte intendit determinare, qualiter actus ex defectu intentionis et voluntatis habeant depravari. Dividitur autem pars ista in duas partes. In quarum prima comparat Magister opera ad intentionem deficientem. In secunda vero comparat malos actus sive mala opera ad voluntatem, ibi: Post haec investigari oportet etc.
Prima pars dividitur in partes tres. In quarum prima Magister movet quaestionem et determinat secundum quorundam opinionem. In secunda vero obiicit contra illam determinationem, adiungens illi quaestioni quandam responsionem, ibi: His autem obiicitur. In tertia Magister secundum aliorum opinionem subiungit aliam1 praecedentem determinationem, ibi: Alii vero, qui trifariam distinctionem actuum faciunt, ubi innuit, quod actiones nostrae dividuntur per tres differentias, scilicet per bonam et malam et indifferentem, inter utramque mediam.
Similiter secunda pars principalis dividitur in tres partes. In prima quaerit Magister, utrum omne peccatum exterius sit voluntarium sive a voluntate. In secunda quaerit, utrum omne peccatum sit in voluntate, ibi: Illius etiam intelligentia perquirenda est etc. In tertia vero concludit, quod hoc non solum verum est de peccato exteriori, quod sit voluntarium; sed etiam verum est de peccato interiori, quod quidem consistit circa voluntatis motum, ibi: Si autem omne peccatum mortale etc. — Et sic duas quaestiones principaliter determinat Magister in parte ista, quarum una est, utrum omnis actio mala sit, quae non procedit ex intentione recta; secunda est, utrum omnis2 culpa sit voluntaria.
TRACTATIO QUAESTIONUM.
Ad intelligentiam igitur huius partis incidit hic quaestio circa duo.
Primo quaeritur de divisione actionis deliberativae in bonam et in malam et in indifferentem.
Secundo quaeritur de comparatione peccati ad voluntatem.
Circa primum quaeruntur tria.
Primo quaeritur, utrum actio deliberativa dividatur per bonum et malum tanquam per differentias oppositas.
Secundo quaeritur, utrum dividatur per bonum et malum tanquam per differentias essentiales et intrinsecas.
Tertio quaeritur, utrum dividatur per has differentias tanquam per differentias immediatas.
---
## COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XLI.
How acts are made depraved by a defect of intention and of will.
And when the intention, as was said above, etc.
DIVISION OF THE TEXT.
Above, the Master showed how acts are to be rectified by rectitude of intention and of will. In this part he intends to determine how acts are made depraved by a defect of intention and of will. Now this part is divided into two parts. In the first of these the Master compares works to a deficient intention. In the second, however, he compares evil acts or evil works to the will, there: After these matters it must be investigated, etc.
The first part is divided into three parts. In the first of these the Master raises the question and determines it according to the opinion of certain persons. In the second, however, he objects against that determination, adjoining to that question a certain response, there: But against these things it is objected. In the third, the Master, according to the opinion of others, subjoins another1 to the preceding determination, there: But others, who make a threefold distinction of acts, where he intimates that our actions are divided according to three differences, namely into good and evil and indifferent, the latter being intermediate between the two.
Likewise the second principal part is divided into three parts. In the first the Master asks whether every exterior sin is voluntary or from the will. In the second he asks whether every sin is in the will, there: The understanding of that point too must be inquired into, etc. In the third, however, he concludes that this is true not only of exterior sin, that it is voluntary, but is also true of interior sin, which indeed consists in the motion of the will, there: But if every mortal sin, etc. — And thus the Master principally determines two questions in this part, of which the one is whether every evil action is one that does not proceed from a right intention; the second is whether every2 fault is voluntary.
TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.
For the understanding, therefore, of this part, a question here arises concerning two things.
First it is asked about the division of deliberative action into good and into evil and into indifferent.
Second it is asked about the comparison of sin to the will.
Concerning the first, three things are asked.
First it is asked whether deliberative action is divided according to good and evil as according to opposite differences.
Second it is asked whether it is divided according to good and evil as according to essential and intrinsic differences.
Third it is asked whether it is divided according to these differences as according to immediate differences.
---
- In cod. cc et ed. 1. deest praecedentem; in Vat. et edd. 3, 4 legitur sic: In tertia Magister secundum illorum opinionem, qui trifariam distinctionem actuum ponunt, ut in distinctione praecedenti patet, aliam ponit determinationem.In codex cc and the first edition the word praecedentem (preceding) is lacking; in the Vatican edition and editions 3, 4 it reads thus: In the third, the Master, according to the opinion of those who posit a threefold distinction of acts, as is evident in the preceding distinction, posits another determination.
- In cod. T deest omnis.In codex T the word omnis (every) is lacking. ---