Dist. 42, Divisio Textus
Book II: On the Creation of Things · Distinction 42
## COMMENTARIUS IN DISTINCTIONEM XLII.
De differentiis peccatorum in communi.
Cum autem voluntas mala et operatio etc.
DIVISIO TEXTUS.
Supra ostendit Magister, qualiter peccatum ortum habeat a voluntate in generali; in hac vero parte descendit Magister ad differentias peccati. Dividitur autem pars ista in partes duas. In quarum prima descendit Magister ad differentias peccati communes. In secunda vero descendit ad unum peccatum speciale, quod est inter cetera peccatorum genera magis grave et abominabile, ibi1: Est praeterea unum genus peccati etc.
Prima pars, quae spectat ad praesentem distinctionem, tres habet partes, quoniam differentia peccati ad peccatum potest attendi tripliciter: aut quantum ad actum, aut quantum ad reatum, aut quantum ad peccandi modum. In prima ergo inquirit Magister differentiam inter peccata operis et voluntatis. In secunda inquirit differentiam a parte reatus, quae est inter genus peccati originalis et actualis, venialis et mortalis, ibi: Praeterea quaeri solet etc. In tertia vero subiungit modos diversos peccandi sive diversa genera peccatorum per modum narrationis, ibi: Modi autem peccatorum varias etc.
Prima pars dividitur in duas. In quarum prima Magister movet quaestionem et determinat secundum duplicem opinionem. In secunda vero respondet obiectionibus, quae impugnare videntur opinionem magis probabilem, ibi: Quibus alii respondent, haec duo diversa2 etc.
Similiter secunda pars, in qua inquirit differentias peccatorum quantum ad reatum, duas habet. In prima quaerit, qualiter reatus possit manere, peccato abeunte; in qua accipitur differentia actualis peccati et originalis, quia actuale transit actu et remanet reatu, originale autem e converso3. In secunda vero ostendit, quod reatus multipliciter accipitur in Scriptura, videlicet pro obligatione poenae aeternae et poenae temporalis, ex quo accipitur differentia mortalis peccati et venialis, ibi: Reatus autem in Scriptura multipliciter accipitur.
Similiter tertia pars duas habet partes. In quarum prima tangit Magister quinque modos dividendi peccata consuetos in Scriptura. In secunda vero removet dubitationem, quae ortum habet ex una illarum divisionum, ibi: Ex superbia tamen omnia mala oriuntur etc.
TRACTATIO QUAESTIONUM.
Ad intelligentiam autem huius partis secundum tria, quae hic determinantur, circa tria incidit hic quaestio.
Primo est hic quaestio de comparatione peccati operis ad peccatum voluntatis.
Secundo, de comparatione peccati venialis et peccati mortalis.
Tertio incidit hic quaestio circa modos dividendi peccatum.
Circa primum quaeruntur duo.
Primo quaeritur, utrum peccatum voluntatis et operis sint duo peccata, vel unum.
Secundo, utrum unum addat ad alterum.
---
## COMMENTARY ON DISTINCTION XLII.
On the differences of sins in general.
"But since an evil will and an operation," etc.
DIVISION OF THE TEXT.
Above the Master showed how sin takes its origin from the will in general; but in this part the Master descends to the differences of sin. Now this part is divided into two parts. In the first of these the Master descends to the common differences of sin. In the second he descends to one special sin, which among the other kinds of sins is more grave and abominable, there1: "There is, moreover, one kind of sin," etc.
The first part, which pertains to the present distinction, has three parts, since the difference of one sin from another can be considered in three ways: either with respect to the act, or with respect to the guilt, or with respect to the manner of sinning. In the first, therefore, the Master inquires into the difference between sins of deed and of will. In the second he inquires into the difference on the side of guilt, which is between the kind of original and of actual sin, of venial and of mortal sin, there: "Moreover, it is wont to be asked," etc. In the third he subjoins the diverse manners of sinning, or the diverse kinds of sins, by way of narration, there: "Now the manners of sins [are] various," etc.
The first part is divided into two. In the first of these the Master raises a question and determines it according to a twofold opinion. But in the second he replies to the objections which seem to impugn the more probable opinion, there: "To which others reply, that these two diverse [things],"2 etc.
Likewise the second part, in which he inquires into the differences of sins with respect to guilt, has two [parts]. In the first he asks how guilt can remain when the sin has departed; in which is taken the difference between actual and original sin, because actual sin passes away in act and remains in guilt, but original sin conversely3. But in the second he shows that guilt is taken in many ways in Scripture, namely for the obligation to eternal punishment and to temporal punishment, from which is taken the difference between mortal and venial sin, there: "Now guilt is taken in many ways in Scripture."
Likewise the third part has two parts. In the first of these the Master touches upon five customary manners of dividing sins in Scripture. But in the second he removes a doubt which takes its origin from one of those divisions, there: "Yet from pride all evils arise," etc.
TREATMENT OF THE QUESTIONS.
Now for the understanding of this part, according to the three things which are here determined, a question arises here concerning three matters.
First there is here a question about the comparison of the sin of deed to the sin of will.
Second, about the comparison of venial and mortal sin.
Third a question arises here concerning the manners of dividing sin.
Concerning the first, two [questions] are asked.
First it is asked whether the sin of will and of deed are two sins, or one.
Second, whether the one adds to the other.
---
- Scil. infra d. 43, sicut et in Vat. nec non in edd. 3, 4 legitur pro ibi.That is, below in d. 43, as also in the Vatican edition, and likewise in editions 3 and 4, it is read in place of "there."
- Pro his verbis ex Magistro allatis Vat. et edd. 3, 4 exhibent verba, quae in textu Magistri (c. 1.) verbis praedictis immediate praecedunt, nimirum: Quia cum constet etc. Eaedem edd. paulo superius verbo respondet praemittunt ponit et.In place of these words adduced from the Master, the Vatican edition and editions 3 and 4 give the words which in the Master's text (c. 1) immediately precede the aforesaid words, namely: "Since, whereas it is established," etc. The same editions, a little above, prefix to the word respondet ("replies") the words ponit et ("he also sets down").
- Vide supra d. XXXII. lit. Magistri, c. I. et ibid. Comment. a. 1. q. 1.See above, d. XXXII, the letter of the Master, c. I, and in the same place the Commentary, a. 1, q. 1.