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Book III: On the Incarnation of the Word
Distinctions
Distinction I
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction II
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction III
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Part I · Article 1
Part I · Article 2
Part II · Article 1
Part II · Article 2
Part II · Article 3
Dubia
Distinction IV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
- Q. 1Whether Christ's incarnation was from pure grace, or whether the merits of the holy Fathers obtained it
- Q. 2Whether the Blessed Virgin Mary merited to conceive Christ, or whether that conception was solely from the gift of divine grace
- Q. 3Whether the grace in the conception holds the character of a natural property, or of a gratuitous one
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction V
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether to assume is an act befitting the divine nature
- Q. 2Whether to assume befits the divine person
- Q. 3Whether assuming befits the person by reason of the nature, or conversely
- Q. 4Whether assuming can befit the divine nature, with every person abstracted
- Q. 5Whether this is to be conceded: the divine nature is made flesh
Article 2
- Q. 1Whether it is to be conceded that the human nature was assumed by God
- Q. 2Whether God assumed a human person
- Q. 3Whether an intention of personality is to be posited in the separated soul, every union being set aside
- Q. 4Whether it is to be conceded that God assumed a man
- Q. 5Whether this is to be conceded: the Son of God assumed humanity
Dubia
Distinction VI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction VII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction VIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction IX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether the cult of latria is to be shown to the humanity or flesh of Christ
- Q. 2Whether the cult of latria ought to be shown to an image of Christ
- Q. 3Whether the cult of latria ought to be shown to the Mother of Christ
- Q. 4Whether the cult of latria ought to be shown to the cross of Christ
- Q. 5Whether latria is to be shown to the members of Christ
- Q. 6Whether the worship of latria may be offered to Christ's adversary without sin
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction X
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction XIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XIV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction XV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XVI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XVII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XVIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XIX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether through the passion of Christ the remission of sins comes about
- Q. 2Whether through the passion of Christ the blotting out of the bond was accomplished
- Q. 3Whether through the passion of Christ we have been freed from the power of the devil
- Q. 4Whether through the passion of Christ we are absolved from the punishment of sin
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether it was fitting for human nature to be repaired by God
- Q. 2Whether it was more fitting that the human race be repaired through satisfaction than by another way
- Q. 3Whether any mere creature could have made satisfaction for the whole human race
- Q. 4Whether anyone, aided by grace, could have satisfied for himself
- Q. 5Whether God ought to have accepted the mode of satisfaction made through the passion of Christ
- Q. 6Whether God could have saved the human race in another way
Dubia
Distinction XXI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XXII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether Christ in the three days was a man
- Q. 2Whether Christ, insofar as he is man, was in a determinate place or everywhere
- Q. 3Whether the body of Christ was in the tomb for three days
- Q. 4Whether the soul of Christ descended into hell
- Q. 5Whether Christ in his descent to the lower regions liberated all souls
- Q. 6Whether Christ, immediately after death, led the liberated souls into heaven
Dubia
Distinction XXIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XXIV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction XXV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether in the Apostles' Creed are sufficiently contained all those things which it is fitting to believe for salvation
- Q. 2Whether for those who came before the advent of Christ it sufficed for salvation to believe only those things which pertain to the Divinity
- Q. 3Whether all are bound to believe all the articles explicitly after the advent of Christ
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XXVI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether hope is a gratuitous virtue
- Q. 2Whether hope is a genus of virtue, or a most special species
- Q. 3Whether hope is a cardinal virtue or a theological one
- Q. 4Whether the virtue of hope is sometimes unformed, or is always formed
- Q. 5Whether hope in its act is characterized by certitude, or by doubt
Article 2
- Q. 1Whether fear and hope are one and the same habit, or diverse
- Q. 2Whether hope takes its rise from good merits
- Q. 3Whether hope precedes charity in the order of nature, or the reverse
- Q. 4Whether hope is toward the good under the formal character of the good
- Q. 5Whether hope is in the cognitive or the affective part of the soul
Dubia
Distinction XXVII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether charity is a disposition distinct from the other virtues
- Q. 2Whether the habit of charity is one and indivisible, or multiplied according to species
- Q. 3Whether the habit of charity is merely gratuitous, or adds something beyond grace, as the habit of the other virtues does
- Q. 4Whether the habit of charity can be unformed, or is always formed
Article 2
- Q. 1Whether the motion of charity is prior in being meritorious than the act of the other virtues
- Q. 2Whether it is possible for the motion of charity to be mercenary
- Q. 3Whether one and the same motion of love can be toward God and toward neighbor
- Q. 4Which of the two motions of charity precedes the other
- Q. 5Whether the act of love toward God has a measure
- Q. 6Whether we are bound to love God with our whole heart, with our whole soul, and with our whole mind
Dubia
Distinction XXVIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether irrational creatures are to be loved out of charity
- Q. 2Whether demons are to be loved out of charity
- Q. 3Whether evil men are to be loved out of charity
- Q. 4Whether our bodies are to be loved out of charity
- Q. 5Whether gratuitous gifts are to be loved out of charity
- Q. 6On the number and sufficiency of the things to be loved
Dubia
Distinction XXIX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether there is an order in charity with respect to the things to be loved
- Q. 2Whether charity in loving sets God before us
- Q. 3Whether according to the order of charity one's own good is to be preferred to the good of one's neighbor
- Q. 4Whether parents are more to be loved than children, or conversely
- Q. 5Whether a member of one's household is to be preferred to a stranger
- Q. 6Whether the order of charity is attended to in respect to exterior effect only, or at the same time in respect to interior affect and effect
Dubia
Distinction XXX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether anyone can, by however little charity, resist however great a temptation
- Q. 2Whether a man, constituted in however little charity, is bound to undergo death for Christ
- Q. 3Whether one having perfect charity is bound to fulfill the things which are of perfection
- Q. 4Whether all are bound to love their enemies as to affection
- Q. 5Whether all are bound to love enemies as to effect
- Q. 6Whether it is of greater perfection and merit to love a friend, or to love an enemy
Dubia
Distinction XXXI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction XXXII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Dubia
Distinction XXXIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether it is fitting to posit cardinal virtues besides the theological ones
- Q. 2Whether all the cardinal virtues are one virtue, or diverse
- Q. 3Whether the cardinal virtues are in the rational part of the soul, or in that part which only obeys reason
- Q. 4Whether the cardinal virtues ought to be only four, or more
- Q. 5Whether the cardinal virtues are from God's gift or from habituation
- Q. 6Whether the cardinal virtues remain in the fatherland, or are done away with
Dubia
Distinction XXXIV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Part I · Article 1
Part I · Article 2
Part II · Article 1
Part II · Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XXXV
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether the act of the gift of wisdom is reckoned in the cognition of the true, or in the affection of the good
- Q. 2Whether the chief act of the gift of knowledge consists in action or in speculation
- Q. 3Whether the gift of understanding consists at once in the contemplation of the Creator and of the creature
- Q. 4Whether the act of the gift of counsel is to take counsel
- Q. 5Whether the act of the gift of fortitude consists principally in enduring passions, or in repressing desires
- Q. 6Whether the principal act of piety consists in religion with respect to God, or in compassion with respect to neighbor
Dubia
Distinction XXXVI
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1Whether a connection is to be posited among the gratuitous virtues
- Q. 2Whether the gifts of the Holy Spirit are connected
- Q. 3Whether there is a connection among the political virtues, such that, one being had, all must be had
- Q. 4Whether there is a connection among the vices and sins
- Q. 5Whether equality is to be posited among the gratuitous habits
- Q. 6Whether charity is the form of the virtues
Dubia
Distinction XXXVII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Dubia
Distinction XXXVIII
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Dubia
Distinction XXXIX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Dubia
Distinction XXXX
Littera Magistri
Division of the Text
Article 1
- Q. 1On the difference of the two Laws with respect to the root
- Q. 2On the difference with respect to the effect, namely that the old Law was killing, the new Law is life-giving
- Q. 3On the difference of the two Laws with respect to the burden annexed, namely that the Law is a law of gravity, but the Gospel a law of sweetness